Concept Distinctions and Understanding Checks

Distinction	Keep the concepts separate
Activity and discipline	Administrative work exists in practice; the discipline studies and evaluates it.
Integral and managerial	The range of work included, not a division between branches of government.
Nature and scope	The character of administration versus the range of its activities and inquiry.
Organisation and management	An arrangement of roles and relationships versus the work of directing and coordinating; usage overlaps.
Coordination and cooperation	Fitting contributions together versus willingness to work together.
Formal and informal	Prescribed roles and channels versus emergent relationships; neither equals good or bad by definition.
Etzioni and Weber	Compliance through types of power versus the grounds on which authority is accepted as legitimate.
Management function and principle	A category of managerial activity versus a guide to arranging relationships or conduct.
Unity of command and direction	Clarity of orders to an employee versus coherent leadership and plan for a shared objective.
Liberalisation privatisation and disinvestment	Relaxing controls; transferring ownership/control; selling government equity. These processes can occur separately.

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Concept Distinctions and Understanding Checks

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